Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance (DMARC) is an email authentication protocol. It is designed to give email domain owners the ability to protect their domain from unauthorized use, commonly known as email spoofing. The purpose and primary outcome of implementing DMARC is to protect a domain from being used in business email compromise attacks, phishing email, email scams and other cyber threat activities.
wifivelocityd
wifivelocityd(8) System Manager's Manual wifivelocityd(8)
NAME
wifivelocityd – launchd daemon for the WiFiVelocity framework
SYNOPSIS
wifivelocityd
DESCRIPTION
wifivelocityd XPC helper for performing system context actions for the
WiFiVelocity framework
2nm (20A)
In semiconductor manufacturing, the 2 nm process is the next MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) die shrink after the 3 nm process node.
As of May 2022, TSMC plans to begin 2 nm risk production at the end of 2024 and mass production in 2025; Intel forecasts production in 2024, and Samsung in 2025. The term "2 nanometer" or alternatively "20 angstrom" (a term used by Intel) has no relation to any actual physical feature (such as gate length, metal pitch or gate pitch) of the transistors. According to the projections contained in the 2021 update of the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), a "2.1 nm node range label" is expected to have a contacted gate pitch of 45 nanometers and a tightest metal pitch of 20 nanometers.
| Process | Gate pitch | Metal pitch | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7nm | 60nm | 40nm | 2018 |
| 5nm | 51nm | 30nm | 2020 |
| 3nm | 48nm | 24nm | 2022 |
| 2nm | 45nm | 20nm | 2024 |
| 1nm | 42nm | 16nm | 2026 |
As such, "2 nm" is used primarily as a marketing term by the semiconductor industry to refer to a new, improved generation of chips in terms of increased transistor density (a higher degree of miniaturization), increased speed, and reduced power consumption compared to the previous 3 nm node generation
Intel announced its process node roadmap for 2021 and beyond. The company has confirmed a 2nm process node called Intel 20A. "A" refers to the Angstrom, a unit equal to 0.1 nanometers. At the same time, the company introduced a new process node naming scheme that aligned its product names with similar names of its main competitors. Intel's 20A node is expected to be the first node to transition from FinFET to Gate-All-Around Transistor (GAAFET).
diminishing returns
In economics, diminishing returns are the decrease in marginal (incremental) output of a production process as the amount of a single factor of production is incrementally increased, holding all other factors of production equal (ceteris paribus). The law of diminishing returns (also known as the law of diminishing marginal productivity) states that in productive processes, increasing a factor of production by one unit, while holding all other production factors constant, will at some point return a lower unit of output per incremental unit of input. The law of diminishing returns does not cause a decrease in overall production capabilities, rather it defines a point on a production curve whereby producing an additional unit of output will result in a loss and is known as negative returns. Under diminishing returns, output remains positive, but productivity and efficiency decrease.
UNIX
The history of Unix dates back to the mid-1960s, when the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, AT&T Bell Labs, and General Electric were jointly developing an experimental time-sharing operating system called Multics for the GE-645 mainframe. Multics introduced many innovations, but also had many problems. Bell Labs, frustrated by the size and complexity of Multics but not its aims, slowly pulled out of the project. Their last researchers to leave Multics – among them Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Doug McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna – decided to redo the work, but on a much smaller scale.
In 1997, Apple sought a new foundation for its Macintosh operating system and chose NeXTSTEP, an operating system developed by NeXT. The core operating system, which was based on BSD and the Mach kernel, was renamed Darwin after Apple acquired it. The deployment of Darwin in Mac OS X makes it, according to a statement made by an Apple employee at a USENIX conference, the most widely used Unix-based system in the desktop computer market.
NAS
Network-Attached Atorage (NAS)
Afile-level (as opposed to block-level storage) computer data storage server connected to a computer network providing data access to a heterogeneous group of clients. The term "NAS" can refer to both the technology and systems involved, or a specialized device built for such functionality (as unlike tangentially related technologies such as local area networks, a NAS device is often a singular unit).
